CO2 Sinks
CO2 Sink: Anything that absorbs more carbon dioxide than it admits.
The temperate forest has been estimated to absorb between 10 to 20 tons of carbon dioxide per hectare each year. Changes that are made to the forest can result in an unbalance in maintaining carbon density.
The temperate forest has been estimated to absorb between 10 to 20 tons of carbon dioxide per hectare each year. Changes that are made to the forest can result in an unbalance in maintaining carbon density.
Deforestation
Deforestation in the temperate forest started with around 400 million hectares around the year 1700. Over hundreds of years deforestation has decreased tremendously which also means that the temperate forest has absorbed a lot of CO2. Thus having trees with a lot of mass.
When a forest burns down or cleared up by companies, there is a chance that there could be an increase of an insect outbreak.
With harvesting trees, companies could alter the amount of "surface fuel". Surface fuel is dried up understory vegetation such as grass or shrubs. Some animals that live in the area that was harvested or burnt down would move to different areas- large animals like deer. The way that trees are logged could also effect the how fast a forest could regrow.
Soil and Land
Arable land
About 22% of the temperate forest has arable land.
With more arable land the more the temperate forest decreases.
Contaminated land
China-19.4% There is no known percentages in the United States, but about 300,000 or more sites are contaminated.
The contaminated land is harmful to humans, plants, and animals.
Food production
China makes about 20% of the worlds food. America makes food to feed about 341,000,000 people a year. The UK is self-sufficient by about 72%.
Soil conservation
Not using tilling saves soil from being eroded away. Instead farmers dig a small hole big enough so the that seed could germinate.
Other practices include terracing, crop rotations, shelter-beds ect.
Laws or Acts
China made EPL (Environmental Protection Law) but there are some gaps that need to be fixed. The UK helped made EPL. In the fact the United Kingdom also follows the EPL. The United Sates of America made the Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. This act ensures that the government helps fund clean ups of toxic wast, pollution,ect.
About 22% of the temperate forest has arable land.
With more arable land the more the temperate forest decreases.
Contaminated land
China-19.4% There is no known percentages in the United States, but about 300,000 or more sites are contaminated.
The contaminated land is harmful to humans, plants, and animals.
Food production
China makes about 20% of the worlds food. America makes food to feed about 341,000,000 people a year. The UK is self-sufficient by about 72%.
Soil conservation
Not using tilling saves soil from being eroded away. Instead farmers dig a small hole big enough so the that seed could germinate.
Other practices include terracing, crop rotations, shelter-beds ect.
Laws or Acts
China made EPL (Environmental Protection Law) but there are some gaps that need to be fixed. The UK helped made EPL. In the fact the United Kingdom also follows the EPL. The United Sates of America made the Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. This act ensures that the government helps fund clean ups of toxic wast, pollution,ect.
Water Pollution
Types of Pollution
-Acid rain (nutrients pollution)
-Factories dumping waste China/New York (Chemical pollution)
-Cities' sewage waste from China/New York (waste pollution)
-Dioxin,Mercury, and PCB's found in rivers in Maine (Suspended matter pollution)
-Harmful Bacteria in China (Microbiological pollution)
Pollution Effects
-Acidic rain can strip the soil of aluminum and deposit the aluminum into lakes. This can cause significant harm to animals in the biome.
-Chemical pollution is killing the fish living in the streams and the plants around it.
-Waste pollution is also killing off animals living in the rivers/streams. Plants can not grow anywhere near the polluted rivers/streams.
-The suspended matter pollution in Maine is effected to the fish to have high levels of mercury/dioxin/PCB. It is also extremely harmful to the plants as well.
-Harms anything living in water and can possibly harm animals that drink from the water.
Attempts to Clean Up
-A way to prevent acid rain is to decease carbon emissions/methane.
-China' government has started making plans to help prevent more suspend matter pollution.
-Plans have been made to stop and clean up the pollution but none have been attempted.
-There are some ways at home that this pollution can be diverted but the state does not seem to be making any plans to clean up/prevent this pollution.
-There have been plans made to decrease/prevent this pollution but have not been put into action because the lack of funding/resources.
-Acid rain (nutrients pollution)
-Factories dumping waste China/New York (Chemical pollution)
-Cities' sewage waste from China/New York (waste pollution)
-Dioxin,Mercury, and PCB's found in rivers in Maine (Suspended matter pollution)
-Harmful Bacteria in China (Microbiological pollution)
Pollution Effects
-Acidic rain can strip the soil of aluminum and deposit the aluminum into lakes. This can cause significant harm to animals in the biome.
-Chemical pollution is killing the fish living in the streams and the plants around it.
-Waste pollution is also killing off animals living in the rivers/streams. Plants can not grow anywhere near the polluted rivers/streams.
-The suspended matter pollution in Maine is effected to the fish to have high levels of mercury/dioxin/PCB. It is also extremely harmful to the plants as well.
-Harms anything living in water and can possibly harm animals that drink from the water.
Attempts to Clean Up
-A way to prevent acid rain is to decease carbon emissions/methane.
-China' government has started making plans to help prevent more suspend matter pollution.
-Plans have been made to stop and clean up the pollution but none have been attempted.
-There are some ways at home that this pollution can be diverted but the state does not seem to be making any plans to clean up/prevent this pollution.
-There have been plans made to decrease/prevent this pollution but have not been put into action because the lack of funding/resources.
Viruses & Bacteria
Bacteria:
Enterobacter agglomerans
-Found in the soil and water
-Could cause infections in wounds, infections in urinary tracts, and pneumonia
-Frequently contracted by humans but can be contracted by animals
- There has been no attempts to "clean up" enterobacter agglomerans but there are antibiotic that can be prescribed
Lyme disease
-Is carried by ticks/any animal bitten by ticks
-Symptoms include flu-like illness, some might even develop a rash, could cause neurological problems
-Lyme disease could be contracted quite frequently in certain places
-There have been attempts of preventing Lyme disease such as bug spray but attempts to "clean up" have not been shown/implemented
E. Coli
-Is found on the forest floor because of animal feces
-Symptoms include vomiting, dehydration, and diarrhea
-E. Coli is quite frequently contracted
-There are no attempts at "cleaning up" E.coil, but there are ways to prevent/ get ride of it by washing hands or taking antibiotics
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
-Transmitted by the bite of a tick
-Symptoms include rash, muscle aches, headaches, and fever
-Caused by the bite of a tick infected with rickettsia group bacteria
-Ways to prevent would be taking antibiotics
Viruses:
Yellow Fever
-Found in water
-In mild cases could cause fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. In serious cases could cause yellow skin, fatal heart, kidney, and liver conditions.
- Yellow Fever is contracted by a species of mosquito found in America South and Africa
-Attempts to prevent Yellow Fever are vaccinations
Rabies
-Carried by canines, bats, coyotes, skunks, foxes, and raccoons
- Causes fever, headache, mental confusion, excessive salivation, muscle spasms, and paralysis
-Rabies is contracted through the bite of an animal that is infected with rabies
- Attempts to prevent Rabies are vaccinations.
Nipah
-Transmitted by bats, pigs, and humans
-Causes Fever, Headache, mental confusion, doziness, and can even resort in coma
-Contracted through direct contact with an infected bat, pig, or human
-Attempts to prevent Nipah would be avoiding exposure sick bats/pigs, vaccinations, and not drinking raw date palm sap
Zika Virus
-Transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes
-Causes muscle and joint pain, mild fever, headache, skin rash, malaise, and conjunctivitis
-Contracted when bite by mosquitoes
-Ways to prevent Zika virus are to protect against mosquito bites.(Currently there are no vaccinations)
Dengue
-Transmitted by animals and insects
-Causes serious bleeding, high fever, Muscle and joint pain, shock, and rash
-Contracted when bite or stung by animal/insect
-Attempts to prevent (Currently there no vaccinations) but treatments include supportive care, medications, and specialists
Enterobacter agglomerans
-Found in the soil and water
-Could cause infections in wounds, infections in urinary tracts, and pneumonia
-Frequently contracted by humans but can be contracted by animals
- There has been no attempts to "clean up" enterobacter agglomerans but there are antibiotic that can be prescribed
Lyme disease
-Is carried by ticks/any animal bitten by ticks
-Symptoms include flu-like illness, some might even develop a rash, could cause neurological problems
-Lyme disease could be contracted quite frequently in certain places
-There have been attempts of preventing Lyme disease such as bug spray but attempts to "clean up" have not been shown/implemented
E. Coli
-Is found on the forest floor because of animal feces
-Symptoms include vomiting, dehydration, and diarrhea
-E. Coli is quite frequently contracted
-There are no attempts at "cleaning up" E.coil, but there are ways to prevent/ get ride of it by washing hands or taking antibiotics
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
-Transmitted by the bite of a tick
-Symptoms include rash, muscle aches, headaches, and fever
-Caused by the bite of a tick infected with rickettsia group bacteria
-Ways to prevent would be taking antibiotics
Viruses:
Yellow Fever
-Found in water
-In mild cases could cause fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. In serious cases could cause yellow skin, fatal heart, kidney, and liver conditions.
- Yellow Fever is contracted by a species of mosquito found in America South and Africa
-Attempts to prevent Yellow Fever are vaccinations
Rabies
-Carried by canines, bats, coyotes, skunks, foxes, and raccoons
- Causes fever, headache, mental confusion, excessive salivation, muscle spasms, and paralysis
-Rabies is contracted through the bite of an animal that is infected with rabies
- Attempts to prevent Rabies are vaccinations.
Nipah
-Transmitted by bats, pigs, and humans
-Causes Fever, Headache, mental confusion, doziness, and can even resort in coma
-Contracted through direct contact with an infected bat, pig, or human
-Attempts to prevent Nipah would be avoiding exposure sick bats/pigs, vaccinations, and not drinking raw date palm sap
Zika Virus
-Transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes
-Causes muscle and joint pain, mild fever, headache, skin rash, malaise, and conjunctivitis
-Contracted when bite by mosquitoes
-Ways to prevent Zika virus are to protect against mosquito bites.(Currently there are no vaccinations)
Dengue
-Transmitted by animals and insects
-Causes serious bleeding, high fever, Muscle and joint pain, shock, and rash
-Contracted when bite or stung by animal/insect
-Attempts to prevent (Currently there no vaccinations) but treatments include supportive care, medications, and specialists